It is divided in half almost equally by the Equator. In our lesson plan Demographic Facts of Life (available in our Population Dynamics unit), high school students calculate RNI and the corresponding doubling time or half-life for several countries and explore factors that influence a country’s birth and death rates.Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. What’s more, calculating RNI helps build math skills, while also applying learning to a real-world context.
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Understanding RNI and how to calculate it is an essential part of demography and is important for students to consider as they grapple with the demographic challenges that lie ahead. RNI is also often used by government groups or aid associations like the World Health Organization to determine the effectiveness of certain programs and policies aimed at decreasing birth or death rates. Countries with lower birth rates, perhaps nearly equal to their death rates, have a lower RNI and fall into the later stages of the DTM. Countries with these demographic characteristics – higher birth rate than death rate leading to rapid population growth – fall into the earlier stages of the Demographic Transition model. This results in a higher RNI indicating more rapid population growth.
Countries that are still developing often lack the social and medical infrastructure that tend to keep birth rates low, and thus often have a much higher birth rate than death rate. Why Use RNI?īecause RNI is based only on birth and death rates, it can be used to help determine a country’s stage within the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). The United States’ rate of natural increase is -0.65%. Rate of natural increase by country (2018)Ĭurrently, Niger has the highest RNI, growing at 3.78%, and Bulgaria has the lowest, at -2.79%. However it’s important to remember that this growth rate does NOT account for change based on migration, which can have a significant impact on a country’s overall rate of population change.
A negative RNI indicates a decreasing population size.
In the case of Germany, the birth rate is 9/1,000 and death rate is 11/1,000, resulting in an RNI of -0.2%. In some countries, like Germany, the death rate is larger than the birth rate, which causes a negative percentage. So Nicaragua’s rate of natural increase is 1.5%.Īn RNI percentage larger than zero indicates a growing population. Following the formula for finding RNI…ġ5 divided by 1,000 = 0.015 which when converted to a percentage equals 1.5% In Nicaragua, the birth rate is 20/1,000 and the death rate is 5/1,000. (BirthRate/1,000) – (DeathRate/1000) = (BR-DR)/1000 = RNI % Examples of Calculating RNI
Equation for Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) To calculate the RNI, demographers subtract the death rate (number of deaths per 1,000 people/year) from the birth rate (number of birth per 1,000 people/year) and convert the answer to a percentage. However, the RNI does not factor in population change resulting from immigration or emigration – it is determined solely by the difference between birth and death rates in a region. The rate of natural increase (RNI) is a measure of how quickly a population is growing or declining.
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